NONPROLIFERATION POLICY CROSSROADS:

On October 1, 2008, Congress enacted a proposal that originated with President George W. Bush in 2005 to approve an unprecedented nuclear trade pact with India by removing a central pillar of US nonproliferation policy. Despite the numerous political challenges confronting the Bush administration, the initiative won strong bipartisan support, including votes from Democratic Senators Joseph Biden, Hillary Clinton, and Barack Obama. The four-year struggle to pass the controversial US-India nuclear trade agreement offers an exceptionally valuable case study. It demonstrates a classic tradeoff between the pursuit of broad multilateral goals such as nuclear nonproliferation and advancement of a specific bilateral relationship. It reveals enduring fault lines in executive branch relations with Congress. It vividly portrays challenges confronting proponents of a strong nonproliferation regime. This article is based on an analysis of the negotiating record and congressional deliberations, including interviews with key participants. It assesses the lessons learned and focuses on three principal questions: how did the agreement seek to advance US national security interests?; what were the essential elements of the prolonged state-of-the-art lobbying campaign to win approval from skeptics in Congress?; and what are the agreement's actual benefits—and costs—to future US nonproliferation efforts?     

RELIABLE ENERGY SUPPLY AND NONPROLIFERATION

The phenomenon of global warming has led to a revival of the prospects for increased nuclear energy production worldwide, yet such increased production carries with it the increased risk of proliferation. To mitigate this risk, various multinational arrangements have been proposed to provide reliable supply of nuclear fuel while at the same time discouraging the construction of national plants for nuclear enrichment and reprocessing. This article provides a brief history of some of these proposals and concludes that the likelihood of success for such schemes as effective tools for nonproliferation is not high at this time. A proposal from the World Council on Renewable Energy to expand the understanding of supplier obligations under Article IV of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) to include the development of non-nuclear energy technologies for NPT parties in good standing is potentially a much better nonproliferation tool. Such an approach tracks the ideas contained in Title V of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978, which has recently received revived congressional interest.     

含脉冲负载的综合电力系统储能优化配置研究

考虑到舰船环境限制和高能脉冲负载对储能的需求,有必要对储能装置进行合理的选型和优化配置,来提升综合电力系统性能。为此,基于带权极小模理想点法和层次分析法,提出了一种储能装置性能评价函数,并以其为优化目标,进行储能装置优化配置。所提出的评价函数充分考虑系统需求和脉冲负载特性,以储能装置体积、质量和经济性作为评价函数主要组成部分,同时考虑功率、能量、电压、荷电状态等约束,建立优化配置模型,并采用差分进化算法进行求解。以高性能锂电池和超级电容器为例,对所提模型进行求解计算,结果表明在所给权重系数下锂电池性能更优,更适用于综合电力系统,并给出了优化配置后的指导方案。     

履带车辆动力性计算的数学模型

以发动机动力特性计算式为基础,推导出履带车辆动力性参数计算的数学模型,为今后履带车辆设计,以及动力性能的工程计算分析提供了数学方法,并通过计算机编程对某型车辆进行了计算,结果表明该方法具有较高的准确度和工程实用性。     

小波变换在过零调制信号检测中的应用研究

将小波分析理论应用于配电网络过零调制信号的检测中,解决了在强噪声、低信噪比的配电网络中通信误码率高的难题,提高了系统的信噪比。给出了小波变换Mallat算法的分解和重构公式。信号仿真表明,应用该方法可以很好地从复杂环境下提取有用信号的特征。     

二值化联合变换相关器识别复杂背景目标时的阈值选取

讨论了利用二值化联合变换相关器对复杂背景目标进行相关识别的阈值选取问题。由于不同阈值对二值化联合变换相关器识别结果有很大的影响,阈值过高,会损失过多的联合变换功率谱中的有效成份,使相关峰减弱;阈值过低,会使联合功率谱中的噪声放大,相关峰可能被淹没在噪声之中。因而存在一个最佳阈值。实验表明,最佳阈值位于联合功率谱最大灰度值的40%～50%之间,在此阈值范围内,相关峰值较高,噪声也得到有效抑制。     

低压终端线路无功补偿技术

随着经济发展,低压终端线路,特别是住宅负荷中,无功需求急剧增加。基于这一现状,提出了低压终端线路无功补偿问题。分析探讨了终端无功补偿设备与传统补偿设备的差异及应具的技术和特色,构划了系统总体设计方案,明确了该装置开发研究中应关注的主要问题及处理措施,指出开发专门终端无功补偿的必要性和紧迫性,为低压终端线路补偿装置的研制奠定了基础。     

Cache漏流功耗的自适应优化:动态容量调整

当集成电路制造工艺水平发展到超深亚微米阶段,漏流功耗所占的比例越来越大,成为微处理器功耗的重要来源.漏流功耗同电压、漏电流和晶体管数量等因素密切相关.Cache是微处理器中面积较大的部件,对其漏流功耗进行优化是微处理器低功耗设计的首要任务.除了采取工艺上的改进措施外,cache漏流功耗可以通过把握或改变cache的工作...     

高重频模式下的海杂波仿真方法

机载脉冲多普勒雷达在高重频模式下的海杂波仿真精确度是影响整个雷达系统仿真的先决因素。在分析基于网格法的杂波功率谱模型的前提下,设计了一种利用杂波功率谱进行时域重构,产生幅度分布服从对数-正态分布海杂波的仿真模型。仿真结果与理论值吻合较好,说明仿真开发模式是可行的,仿真模型是正确、有效的。     

信息熵与TOPSIS装备保障力量部署方案优化

针对装备保障力量部署方案复杂性和模糊性特点,在分析装备保障力量部署的内容、影响因素及方案优化目的基础上,建立了装备保障力量部署方案评估指标体系,采用信息熵理论来确定评估指标的权重,并提出了基于熵权TOPS IS的装备保障力量部署方案优选方法,使装备保障力量部署方案决策更加科学合理,具有一定的实用性。